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Reflections on the Revolution in France and Other Writings

Edited and Introduced by Jesse Norman

Part of Everyman's Library Classics Series

Author Edmund Burke
Introduction by Jesse Norman
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Hardcover
$32.00 US
Knopf | Everyman's Library
On sale Nov 03, 2015 | 1160 Pages | 978-0-375-71253-1
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  • History > Topical History > History of Political Thought
  • Philosophy > Social and Political Philosophy > Political Philosophy
  • Philosophy > Social and Political Philosophy > Social and Political Philosophy
  • Political Science > Comparative Politics > European Politics
  • Political Science > Introduction to Political Science > Political Theory and Thought
  • About
  • Table of Contents
  • Excerpt
  • Author
The most important works of Edmund Burke, the greatest political thinker of the past three centuries, are gathered here in one comprehensive volume. Accompanying his influential masterpiece, Reflections on the Revolution in France, is a selection of pamphlets, speeches, public letters, private correspondence and, for the first time, two important and previously uncollected early essays.  

Philosopher, statesman, and founder of conservatism, Burke was a dazzling orator and a visionary theorist who spent his long political career fighting abuses of power. He wrote at a time of great change, against the backdrop of the revolt of the American colonies, the expansion of the British Empire, the collapse of Ireland, and the French Revolution. Burke argued passionately in support of the American revolutionaries and in equally impassioned opposition to the horrors of the unfolding French Revolution. Making a case for upholding established rights and customs, and advocating incremental reform rather than radical revolutionary change, Burke’s writings have profoundly influenced modern democracies up to the present day.

Edited and Introduced by Jesse Norman.
Introduction
Note on the Text
Select Bibliography
Chronology

From A Vindication of Natural Society (1756)
From A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of ourIdeas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757)
From An Essay towards an Abridgment of theEnglish History (1757)
On Parties (1757)
Considerations on a Militia (March 1757)
From Thoughts on the Cause of the PresentDiscontents (1770)
Speech on the Middlesex Election (7 February 1771)
Speech at the Conclusion of the Poll at Bristol(3 November 1774)
Speech on Conciliation with America (22 March 1775)
Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol (3 April 1777)
Speech on Economical Reform (11 February 1780)
Speech on a Bill for Shortening the Duration of Parliaments (8 May 1780)
Sketch of the Negro Code (1780)
First Speech on the Seizure and Confiscation of Private Property in the Island of St. Eustatius (14 May 1781)
From Speech on Fox’s East-India Bill (1 December 1783)
Inscription on the Tomb of Lord Rockingham (1784)
Speech on the Reform of the Representation of the Commons in Parliament (16 June 1784)
From Speech in Opening the Impeachment of Warren Hastings (15 and 19 February 1788)
From Speech on the Slave Trade (12 May 1789)
Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
Letter to a Member of the National Assembly (1791)
From An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs (1791)
Letter to Sir Hercules Langrishe (3 January 1792)
Letter to Richard Burke (post 19 February 1792)
Speech on the Petition of the Unitarian Society(11 May 1792)
Speech on War with France (12 February 1793)
Thoughts and Details on Scarcity (November 1795)
From First Letter on a Regicide Peace (1796)
Letter to a Noble Lord (1796)

Private Letters:
To Richard Shackleton (15 February 1745/6)
To the Duke of Richmond (post 15 November 1772)
To Jane Burke (8 November 1774)
To Philip Francis (9 June 1777)
To Charles James Fox (8 October 1777)
To Joseph Harford (27 September 1780)
To William Baker (22 June 1784)
To Miss Mary Palmer (19 January 1786)
To Charles-Jean-Franc¸ois Depont (November 1789)
To Captain Thomas Mercer (26 February 1790)
To Arthur Murphy (8 December 1793)
To French Laurence (28 July 1796)
To Unknown (February 1797)
Lord Randolph Churchill, father of Winston, once summarized Benjamin Disraeli’s life as ‘Failure, failure, failure, partial success, renewed failure, ultimate and complete triumph’. The same might be said of the great eighteenth-century philosopherstatesman Edmund Burke.
 
Edmund Burke was born, probably in 1730, on the banks of the Liffey in Dublin, the third of four children. His father was a solicitor, a difficult man described in an age before class analysis as of ‘the middling sort’, who practised in the superior courts, and a Protestant. His mother was calmer and kinder, and a Catholic. She came from a distinguished family, the Nagles of County Cork, Jacobites who had supported the claims of James II and his successors after the so-called Glorious Revolution of 1688–9, in which James went into exile and William III came to the throne amid a new constitutional settlement – a cause which had cost them both lands and grandeur.
 
Ireland at that time was in name a Kingdom, but in reality an English and Protestant dominion, in which the rights of Catholics were severely curtailed by the so-called Popery Laws. It was a place of huge disparities of wealth and wellbeing, compounding and in turn compounded by intense religious hatreds and political instability. It offered rich material for Burke’s vivid moral and literary imagination, and for what proved to be his lifelong detestation of injustice.
 
Burke was educated first at a non-denominational school outside Dublin (1741–4), and then at Trinity College Dublin (1744–8). At school he was inspired by the intellectual and moral example of his schoolmaster, Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker and the father of his first great friend and early correspondent, Richard Shackleton. He was less enthused by Trinity, it seems, finding the teaching laborious and pedantic; his outlets lay elsewhere, in two short-lived literary societies which he helped to found, in three hours a day in the public library, and in poetry and other writing.
 
We know relatively little of Burke over the following seven years. He seems to have worked in his father’s office, before arriving at the Middle Temple in London in May 1750 to read for the Bar, aged twenty. He had a year or two of ill-health and low spirits, which he sought to cure through extended journeys with his friend (but not it seems, relative) Will Burke. In 1755, to his father’s apparent displeasure, he took the momentous decision to leave the law and try to live by his pen.
 
There followed an extraordinary burst of writing, sustained by the financial support and literary access given to Burke by Robert Dodsley, a noted publisher and bookseller. His wideranging early works included an almost too sophisticated parody, the literary polemic A Vindication of Natural Society; a highly influential work of aesthetics, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful; a social and historical survey, An Account of the European Settlements in America in collaboration with Will Burke; and An Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History, which broke off with Magna Carta in 1215 and was never completed.
 
By 1759 Burke had become the editor of Dodsley’s new periodical, the Annual Register, and was married to Jane Nugent, with two infant sons, Richard and Christopher (the latter died in early youth). He was making a name for himself in literary circles, and in 1764 became a founder member of Dr Johnson’s Club, alongside Johnson himself, Joshua Reynolds, Oliver Goldsmith and others. He had also taken his first steps into politics, as secretary to William Gerard Hamilton, whom he followed from the Board of Trade to Ireland, where Hamilton became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1763. But Burke found himself impossibly constricted by Hamilton’s demands, and by early 1765 they had parted.
 
Burke now had an extraordinary turn of luck. He was introduced to the Marquis of Rockingham, possibly the richest man in England and the leader of an important group of Whigs in Parliament. Britain had been wrestling with the financial aftereffects of the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), and its attempts to raise new revenues were proving highly controversial in the colonies. Moreover, George III, who had succeeded to the throne in 1760, saw his Hanoverian predecessors as having handed over the conduct of politics to Parliament, and sought to reassert the informal and prerogative rights of the Crown. The result was a political merry-go-round, in which a succession of administrations attempted to reconcile financial prudence and colonial management with parliamentary politics and the demands of the new monarch. By 1765, after several failed administrations, the King was reluctantly persuaded to approach Rockingham. Burke thus became private secretary to the new Prime Minister, and shortly afterwards a Member of Parliament, for the ‘pocket borough’ of Wendover, in his own right.
 
Rockingham’s administration was short-lived; but Burke was an immediate success in Parliament, quickly gaining a formidable reputation for his speeches and skill in debate. He also developed a role over time as a party manager, helping to shape the Rockinghamites into what we can now see as the first genuine forerunner to the political parties of today. In 1770 he published Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, notable today because it drew a crucial distinction between mere factions and parties which are ‘united, for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some political principle in which they are all agreed’. The test comes when such a group is evicted from office. Founded on self-interest, factions will tend to disperse. Parties, however, will sustain themselves and their membership – on principle and shared values, on mutual commitments and on personal loyalties and friendship– until the opportunity to take power returns.
 
For many years this distinction, and the Thoughts itself, was denounced in some quarters as an apologia for the political power exercised by Rockingham and other great Whig magnates. However, recent research has demonstrated that Burke had formulated the key ideas in a hitherto unattributed essay of 1757, reproduced in this collection for the first time outside the scholarly journals.
 
The Rockinghamites had to wait until 1782 before they could resume office. The intervening sixteen years were a torrid time for them, a period dominated by Lord North’s mishandling of the American colonies, by the long run-up to war, by war itself, and by their continuing attempts to restrain Crown influence and political patronage. Burke was active throughout, on issues ranging from political reform to religious matters to relief for Ireland, and in particular delivered two extraordinary speeches in 1774–5 on American Taxation and on Conciliation with America. Both are gems of political analysis and statesmanship. But they were also notable as some of the earliest occasions on which speeches had been published from a deliberate desire to build not merely a shared public understanding, but a degree of national and indeed international renown.
 
By 1774 Burke’s political reputation was such that, with Wendover no longer available, he was elected as the MP for Bristol, then the second city of Britain. His backers doubtless expected the usual trite formulas of thanks, and perhaps a pledge by Burke to follow his constituents’ instructions. But in his Speech at the Conclusion of the Poll at Bristol, Burke simply destroyed that radical idea at source, and gave what has become the classic statement of the duties of the political representative:

It ought to be the happiness and glory of a representative to live in the strictest union, the closest correspondence, and the most unreserved communication with his constituents . . . but his unbiased opinion, his mature judgment, his enlightened conscience, he ought not to sacrifice to you, to any man, or to any set of men living . . . Your representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgment; and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion.
 
Alas, by 1780 Burke himself had failed to build a political base in Bristol, and indeed had alienated many former supporters by refusing to support the government on the American war, and by favouring trade with Ireland and measures of relief for Catholics – the latter a cause which he pursued steadily, though at some cost, throughout his political career. But Rockingham eventually came to his aid, and installed him in a parliamentary seat at Malton in December 1780. There he remained until he left Parliament in 1794.
 
In 1780 Burke was fifty years of age, and at the height of his powers. We can catch glimpses of him in private: of the bespectacled Irishman with his wig off, who kept his red hair for many years and always spoke with an accent ‘as strong as if he had never quitted the banks of the Shannon’; of the Christian Latitudinarian and respecter of dissent; of the husband, ‘Ned’, as Jane called him at home, who addressed his wife with the utmost tenderness as ‘My dearest Jane’, ‘My dearest love’, and ‘My ever dear Jane’; of the father, whom one son’s death had left almost too fond of the other, and who adored the company of children; of the host, never free of house guests but always entertaining with an open hand; of the patron, who knew the value of help to a young man, and who supported talented outsiders such as the painter James Barry and the poet George Crabbe; of the clubbable fellow who enjoyed puns and low jokes and conversation, but never quite mastered the art of wit or repartee; of the countryman, who loved nature and rejoiced in his vegetable garden and in ‘scientific agriculture’; of the solitary thinker, who did not make close friends easily, who chafed at idleness and was prone to fits of melancholy.
 
As the war ground on, Burke’s attention was increasingly drawn to two further issues, both of which he made into great personal causes. The first was ‘economical reform’: the attempt to control the spending and financial patronage of the Crown, and so push the monarchy back towards the settlement of 1688, long venerated by Whigs. This culminated in a great speech of 1780 in which Burke spoke for over three hours, laying out seven fundamental rules of good government, and a package of measures which included reforms to the office of Paymaster General, long used as a source of personal enrichment, and the abolition of the Board of Trade. But pioneering as they were, his proposals had few immediate practical consequences.
 
The other great cause was India. Since its foundation in 1600, the East India Company had grown from a trading enterprise to an instrument of empire, exercising political control over the whole of the Indian subcontinent. This raised profound moral questions. Revenue from mutually beneficial trade was being replaced by revenue from tribute and tax. Robert Clive, ‘Clive of India’, had been a brilliant commander, but he had not hesitated to bribe, coerce and where necessary deceive Indian nobles and merchants in order to achieve his goals. And such was its wealth and influence that the Company also exercised formidable political power at home. Initially Burke had opposed the measures of reform introduced by Lord North’s government, seeing them as covert attacks on the institution of private property and an attempt to increase the Court’s powers of patronage. He now threw himself into Indian affairs, becoming their acknowledged master in the Commons.
 
In 1782, the exhausted and discredited Lord North finally left office. The King cast about for alternatives, and at last reluctantly settled again onRockingham. Politically, this was a highly equivocal victory, especially since Rockingham lacked an unfettered power to select his own cabinet. But it marked an extraordinary moment in the political history not merely of Britain but of the world.
Copyright © 2015 by Edmund Burke; Edited and Introduced by Jesse Norman. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Edmund Burke (1729-1797) was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College. A lifelong member of Parliament, Burke was the author of A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful, A Vindication of Natural Society, and Reflections on the Revolution in France. View titles by Edmund Burke

About

The most important works of Edmund Burke, the greatest political thinker of the past three centuries, are gathered here in one comprehensive volume. Accompanying his influential masterpiece, Reflections on the Revolution in France, is a selection of pamphlets, speeches, public letters, private correspondence and, for the first time, two important and previously uncollected early essays.  

Philosopher, statesman, and founder of conservatism, Burke was a dazzling orator and a visionary theorist who spent his long political career fighting abuses of power. He wrote at a time of great change, against the backdrop of the revolt of the American colonies, the expansion of the British Empire, the collapse of Ireland, and the French Revolution. Burke argued passionately in support of the American revolutionaries and in equally impassioned opposition to the horrors of the unfolding French Revolution. Making a case for upholding established rights and customs, and advocating incremental reform rather than radical revolutionary change, Burke’s writings have profoundly influenced modern democracies up to the present day.

Edited and Introduced by Jesse Norman.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Note on the Text
Select Bibliography
Chronology

From A Vindication of Natural Society (1756)
From A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of ourIdeas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757)
From An Essay towards an Abridgment of theEnglish History (1757)
On Parties (1757)
Considerations on a Militia (March 1757)
From Thoughts on the Cause of the PresentDiscontents (1770)
Speech on the Middlesex Election (7 February 1771)
Speech at the Conclusion of the Poll at Bristol(3 November 1774)
Speech on Conciliation with America (22 March 1775)
Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol (3 April 1777)
Speech on Economical Reform (11 February 1780)
Speech on a Bill for Shortening the Duration of Parliaments (8 May 1780)
Sketch of the Negro Code (1780)
First Speech on the Seizure and Confiscation of Private Property in the Island of St. Eustatius (14 May 1781)
From Speech on Fox’s East-India Bill (1 December 1783)
Inscription on the Tomb of Lord Rockingham (1784)
Speech on the Reform of the Representation of the Commons in Parliament (16 June 1784)
From Speech in Opening the Impeachment of Warren Hastings (15 and 19 February 1788)
From Speech on the Slave Trade (12 May 1789)
Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
Letter to a Member of the National Assembly (1791)
From An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs (1791)
Letter to Sir Hercules Langrishe (3 January 1792)
Letter to Richard Burke (post 19 February 1792)
Speech on the Petition of the Unitarian Society(11 May 1792)
Speech on War with France (12 February 1793)
Thoughts and Details on Scarcity (November 1795)
From First Letter on a Regicide Peace (1796)
Letter to a Noble Lord (1796)

Private Letters:
To Richard Shackleton (15 February 1745/6)
To the Duke of Richmond (post 15 November 1772)
To Jane Burke (8 November 1774)
To Philip Francis (9 June 1777)
To Charles James Fox (8 October 1777)
To Joseph Harford (27 September 1780)
To William Baker (22 June 1784)
To Miss Mary Palmer (19 January 1786)
To Charles-Jean-Franc¸ois Depont (November 1789)
To Captain Thomas Mercer (26 February 1790)
To Arthur Murphy (8 December 1793)
To French Laurence (28 July 1796)
To Unknown (February 1797)

Excerpt

Lord Randolph Churchill, father of Winston, once summarized Benjamin Disraeli’s life as ‘Failure, failure, failure, partial success, renewed failure, ultimate and complete triumph’. The same might be said of the great eighteenth-century philosopherstatesman Edmund Burke.
 
Edmund Burke was born, probably in 1730, on the banks of the Liffey in Dublin, the third of four children. His father was a solicitor, a difficult man described in an age before class analysis as of ‘the middling sort’, who practised in the superior courts, and a Protestant. His mother was calmer and kinder, and a Catholic. She came from a distinguished family, the Nagles of County Cork, Jacobites who had supported the claims of James II and his successors after the so-called Glorious Revolution of 1688–9, in which James went into exile and William III came to the throne amid a new constitutional settlement – a cause which had cost them both lands and grandeur.
 
Ireland at that time was in name a Kingdom, but in reality an English and Protestant dominion, in which the rights of Catholics were severely curtailed by the so-called Popery Laws. It was a place of huge disparities of wealth and wellbeing, compounding and in turn compounded by intense religious hatreds and political instability. It offered rich material for Burke’s vivid moral and literary imagination, and for what proved to be his lifelong detestation of injustice.
 
Burke was educated first at a non-denominational school outside Dublin (1741–4), and then at Trinity College Dublin (1744–8). At school he was inspired by the intellectual and moral example of his schoolmaster, Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker and the father of his first great friend and early correspondent, Richard Shackleton. He was less enthused by Trinity, it seems, finding the teaching laborious and pedantic; his outlets lay elsewhere, in two short-lived literary societies which he helped to found, in three hours a day in the public library, and in poetry and other writing.
 
We know relatively little of Burke over the following seven years. He seems to have worked in his father’s office, before arriving at the Middle Temple in London in May 1750 to read for the Bar, aged twenty. He had a year or two of ill-health and low spirits, which he sought to cure through extended journeys with his friend (but not it seems, relative) Will Burke. In 1755, to his father’s apparent displeasure, he took the momentous decision to leave the law and try to live by his pen.
 
There followed an extraordinary burst of writing, sustained by the financial support and literary access given to Burke by Robert Dodsley, a noted publisher and bookseller. His wideranging early works included an almost too sophisticated parody, the literary polemic A Vindication of Natural Society; a highly influential work of aesthetics, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful; a social and historical survey, An Account of the European Settlements in America in collaboration with Will Burke; and An Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History, which broke off with Magna Carta in 1215 and was never completed.
 
By 1759 Burke had become the editor of Dodsley’s new periodical, the Annual Register, and was married to Jane Nugent, with two infant sons, Richard and Christopher (the latter died in early youth). He was making a name for himself in literary circles, and in 1764 became a founder member of Dr Johnson’s Club, alongside Johnson himself, Joshua Reynolds, Oliver Goldsmith and others. He had also taken his first steps into politics, as secretary to William Gerard Hamilton, whom he followed from the Board of Trade to Ireland, where Hamilton became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1763. But Burke found himself impossibly constricted by Hamilton’s demands, and by early 1765 they had parted.
 
Burke now had an extraordinary turn of luck. He was introduced to the Marquis of Rockingham, possibly the richest man in England and the leader of an important group of Whigs in Parliament. Britain had been wrestling with the financial aftereffects of the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), and its attempts to raise new revenues were proving highly controversial in the colonies. Moreover, George III, who had succeeded to the throne in 1760, saw his Hanoverian predecessors as having handed over the conduct of politics to Parliament, and sought to reassert the informal and prerogative rights of the Crown. The result was a political merry-go-round, in which a succession of administrations attempted to reconcile financial prudence and colonial management with parliamentary politics and the demands of the new monarch. By 1765, after several failed administrations, the King was reluctantly persuaded to approach Rockingham. Burke thus became private secretary to the new Prime Minister, and shortly afterwards a Member of Parliament, for the ‘pocket borough’ of Wendover, in his own right.
 
Rockingham’s administration was short-lived; but Burke was an immediate success in Parliament, quickly gaining a formidable reputation for his speeches and skill in debate. He also developed a role over time as a party manager, helping to shape the Rockinghamites into what we can now see as the first genuine forerunner to the political parties of today. In 1770 he published Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, notable today because it drew a crucial distinction between mere factions and parties which are ‘united, for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some political principle in which they are all agreed’. The test comes when such a group is evicted from office. Founded on self-interest, factions will tend to disperse. Parties, however, will sustain themselves and their membership – on principle and shared values, on mutual commitments and on personal loyalties and friendship– until the opportunity to take power returns.
 
For many years this distinction, and the Thoughts itself, was denounced in some quarters as an apologia for the political power exercised by Rockingham and other great Whig magnates. However, recent research has demonstrated that Burke had formulated the key ideas in a hitherto unattributed essay of 1757, reproduced in this collection for the first time outside the scholarly journals.
 
The Rockinghamites had to wait until 1782 before they could resume office. The intervening sixteen years were a torrid time for them, a period dominated by Lord North’s mishandling of the American colonies, by the long run-up to war, by war itself, and by their continuing attempts to restrain Crown influence and political patronage. Burke was active throughout, on issues ranging from political reform to religious matters to relief for Ireland, and in particular delivered two extraordinary speeches in 1774–5 on American Taxation and on Conciliation with America. Both are gems of political analysis and statesmanship. But they were also notable as some of the earliest occasions on which speeches had been published from a deliberate desire to build not merely a shared public understanding, but a degree of national and indeed international renown.
 
By 1774 Burke’s political reputation was such that, with Wendover no longer available, he was elected as the MP for Bristol, then the second city of Britain. His backers doubtless expected the usual trite formulas of thanks, and perhaps a pledge by Burke to follow his constituents’ instructions. But in his Speech at the Conclusion of the Poll at Bristol, Burke simply destroyed that radical idea at source, and gave what has become the classic statement of the duties of the political representative:

It ought to be the happiness and glory of a representative to live in the strictest union, the closest correspondence, and the most unreserved communication with his constituents . . . but his unbiased opinion, his mature judgment, his enlightened conscience, he ought not to sacrifice to you, to any man, or to any set of men living . . . Your representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgment; and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion.
 
Alas, by 1780 Burke himself had failed to build a political base in Bristol, and indeed had alienated many former supporters by refusing to support the government on the American war, and by favouring trade with Ireland and measures of relief for Catholics – the latter a cause which he pursued steadily, though at some cost, throughout his political career. But Rockingham eventually came to his aid, and installed him in a parliamentary seat at Malton in December 1780. There he remained until he left Parliament in 1794.
 
In 1780 Burke was fifty years of age, and at the height of his powers. We can catch glimpses of him in private: of the bespectacled Irishman with his wig off, who kept his red hair for many years and always spoke with an accent ‘as strong as if he had never quitted the banks of the Shannon’; of the Christian Latitudinarian and respecter of dissent; of the husband, ‘Ned’, as Jane called him at home, who addressed his wife with the utmost tenderness as ‘My dearest Jane’, ‘My dearest love’, and ‘My ever dear Jane’; of the father, whom one son’s death had left almost too fond of the other, and who adored the company of children; of the host, never free of house guests but always entertaining with an open hand; of the patron, who knew the value of help to a young man, and who supported talented outsiders such as the painter James Barry and the poet George Crabbe; of the clubbable fellow who enjoyed puns and low jokes and conversation, but never quite mastered the art of wit or repartee; of the countryman, who loved nature and rejoiced in his vegetable garden and in ‘scientific agriculture’; of the solitary thinker, who did not make close friends easily, who chafed at idleness and was prone to fits of melancholy.
 
As the war ground on, Burke’s attention was increasingly drawn to two further issues, both of which he made into great personal causes. The first was ‘economical reform’: the attempt to control the spending and financial patronage of the Crown, and so push the monarchy back towards the settlement of 1688, long venerated by Whigs. This culminated in a great speech of 1780 in which Burke spoke for over three hours, laying out seven fundamental rules of good government, and a package of measures which included reforms to the office of Paymaster General, long used as a source of personal enrichment, and the abolition of the Board of Trade. But pioneering as they were, his proposals had few immediate practical consequences.
 
The other great cause was India. Since its foundation in 1600, the East India Company had grown from a trading enterprise to an instrument of empire, exercising political control over the whole of the Indian subcontinent. This raised profound moral questions. Revenue from mutually beneficial trade was being replaced by revenue from tribute and tax. Robert Clive, ‘Clive of India’, had been a brilliant commander, but he had not hesitated to bribe, coerce and where necessary deceive Indian nobles and merchants in order to achieve his goals. And such was its wealth and influence that the Company also exercised formidable political power at home. Initially Burke had opposed the measures of reform introduced by Lord North’s government, seeing them as covert attacks on the institution of private property and an attempt to increase the Court’s powers of patronage. He now threw himself into Indian affairs, becoming their acknowledged master in the Commons.
 
In 1782, the exhausted and discredited Lord North finally left office. The King cast about for alternatives, and at last reluctantly settled again onRockingham. Politically, this was a highly equivocal victory, especially since Rockingham lacked an unfettered power to select his own cabinet. But it marked an extraordinary moment in the political history not merely of Britain but of the world.
Copyright © 2015 by Edmund Burke; Edited and Introduced by Jesse Norman. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.

Author

Edmund Burke (1729-1797) was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College. A lifelong member of Parliament, Burke was the author of A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and Beautiful, A Vindication of Natural Society, and Reflections on the Revolution in France. View titles by Edmund Burke

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  • Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt
    Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt
    Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf
    Alexander von Humboldt
    978-1-101-90807-5
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 06, 2018
  • The Diary of Samuel Pepys
    The Diary of Samuel Pepys
    Selected and Introduced by Kate Loveman
    Samuel Pepys
    978-1-101-90792-4
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 02, 2018
  • The Art of War
    The Art of War
    Translated and Introduced by Peter Harris
    Sun Tzu
    978-1-101-90800-6
    $24.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 13, 2018
  • Selected Letters of Horace Walpole
    Selected Letters of Horace Walpole
    Edited and Introduced by Stephen Clarke
    Horace Walpole
    978-1-101-90789-4
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 27, 2017
  • Selected Writings of John Muir
    Selected Writings of John Muir
    Introduction by Terry Tempest Williams
    John Muir
    978-1-101-90762-7
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 04, 2017
  • The Duke's Children
    The Duke's Children
    The Only Complete Edition; Introduction by Max Egremont
    Anthony Trollope
    978-1-101-90781-8
    $27.50 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 04, 2017
  • Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 1
    Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 1
    Selections from the Autobiography, Letters, Essays, and Speeches; Introduction by Adam Hochschild
    Mark Twain
    978-1-101-90770-2
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 15, 2016
  • Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 2
    Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 2
    Selections from the Memoirs and Travel Writings; Introduction by Richard Russo
    Mark Twain
    978-1-101-90772-6
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 15, 2016
  • The Mayor of Casterbridge
    The Mayor of Casterbridge
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-345-80401-3
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Nov 08, 2016
  • Notes from a Dead House
    Notes from a Dead House
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-307-94987-5
    $16.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Mar 22, 2016
  • The Hound of the Baskervilles, A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four
    The Hound of the Baskervilles, A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four
    Introduction by Andrew Lycett
    Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
    978-0-375-71267-8
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Dec 02, 2014
  • Walden & Civil Disobedience
    Walden & Civil Disobedience
    Henry David Thoreau
    978-0-8041-7156-4
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Aug 26, 2014
  • The Scarlet Letter
    The Scarlet Letter
    A Romance
    Nathaniel Hawthorne
    978-0-8041-7157-1
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Aug 26, 2014
  • The Arabian Nights
    The Arabian Nights
    Introduction by Wen-chin Ouyang
    978-0-375-71241-8
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 10, 2014
  • Journey to the Center of the Earth, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Round the World in Eighty Days
    Journey to the Center of the Earth, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Round the World in Eighty Days
    Introduction by Tim Farrant
    Jules Verne
    978-0-307-96148-8
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 01, 2013
  • The Betrothed
    The Betrothed
    Introduction by Jonathan Keates
    Alessandro Manzoni
    978-0-375-71234-0
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Sep 17, 2013
  • The Metamorphoses
    The Metamorphoses
    Introduction by J. C. McKeown
    Ovid
    978-0-375-71231-9
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Sep 10, 2013
  • The Age of Innocence
    The Age of Innocence
    Edith Wharton
    978-0-307-94951-6
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jun 05, 2012
  • The Custom of the Country
    The Custom of the Country
    Edith Wharton
    978-0-307-94954-7
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jun 05, 2012
  • The Complete Short Stories of Mark Twain
    The Complete Short Stories of Mark Twain
    Introduction by Adam Gopnik
    Mark Twain
    978-0-307-95937-9
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 05, 2012
  • Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
    Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
    Introduction by Lucy Hughes-Hallett
    Anne Bronte
    978-0-307-95780-1
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 03, 2012
  • Decameron
    Decameron
    Giovanni Boccaccio
    978-0-307-47217-5
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Feb 14, 2012
  • The Ambassadors
    The Ambassadors
    Henry James
    978-0-8129-8270-1
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jan 10, 2012
  • The Physiology of Taste
    The Physiology of Taste
    Or Meditations on Transcendental Gastronomy
    Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
    978-0-307-39037-0
    $18.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Oct 04, 2011
  • The Everyman Chesterton
    The Everyman Chesterton
    Edited and Introduced by Ian Ker
    G. K. Chesterton
    978-0-307-59497-6
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 05, 2011
  • The Three Musketeers
    The Three Musketeers
    Introduction by Allan Massie
    Alexandre Dumas
    978-0-307-59499-0
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Feb 15, 2011
  • Shirley and The Professor
    Shirley and The Professor
    Introduction by Rebecca Fraser
    Charlotte Bronte
    978-0-307-77362-3
    $8.99 US
    Ebook
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 24, 2010
  • The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds
    The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds
    Introduction by Margaret Drabble
    H. G. Wells
    978-0-307-59384-9
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Aug 03, 2010
  • Dracula
    Dracula
    Introduction by Joan Acocella
    Bram Stoker
    978-0-307-59385-6
    $25.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    May 04, 2010
  • The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
    The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
    Introduction by James Fenton
    Benvenuto Cellini
    978-0-307-59274-3
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 06, 2010
  • A Christmas Carol and Other Christmas Books
    A Christmas Carol and Other Christmas Books
    Introduction by Margaret Atwood
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-307-27175-4
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 10, 2009
  • Annals and Histories
    Annals and Histories
    Introduction by Robin Lane Fox
    Tacitus
    978-0-307-26750-4
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 06, 2009
  • The Mystery of Edwin Drood
    The Mystery of Edwin Drood
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-8129-8045-5
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 06, 2009
  • The Count of Monte Cristo
    The Count of Monte Cristo
    Introduction by Umberto Eco
    Alexandre Dumas
    978-0-307-27112-9
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 02, 2009
  • Jane Eyre
    Jane Eyre
    Charlotte Bronte
    978-0-307-45519-2
    $9.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Apr 07, 2009
  • Villette
    Villette
    Charlotte Bronte
    978-0-307-45556-7
    $17.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Apr 07, 2009
  • The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol
    The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol
    Introduction by Richard Pevear
    Nikolai Gogol
    978-0-307-26969-0
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 07, 2008
  • Ethan Frome, Summer, Bunner Sisters
    Ethan Frome, Summer, Bunner Sisters
    Introduction by Hermione Lee
    Edith Wharton
    978-0-307-26825-9
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Feb 05, 2008
  • The Prince
    The Prince
    Niccolo Machiavelli
    978-0-8129-7805-6
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 05, 2008
  • Northanger Abbey
    Northanger Abbey
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38683-0
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Emma
    Emma
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38684-7
    $9.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Persuasion
    Persuasion
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38685-4
    $7.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Sense and Sensibility
    Sense and Sensibility
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38687-8
    $6.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Mansfield Park
    Mansfield Park
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38688-5
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • History of My Life
    History of My Life
    Introduction by John Julius Norwich
    Giacomo Casanova
    978-0-307-26557-9
    $40.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Feb 06, 2007
  • The Double and The Gambler
    The Double and The Gambler
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-375-71901-1
    $16.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jan 16, 2007
  • The Audubon Reader
    The Audubon Reader
    Edited and Introduced by Richard Rhodes
    John James Audubon
    978-1-4000-4369-9
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 11, 2006
  • The Cossacks
    The Cossacks
    Leo Tolstoy
    978-0-8129-7504-8
    $15.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 14, 2006
  • Barnaby Rudge
    Barnaby Rudge
    Introduction by Peter Ackroyd
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-307-26290-5
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 08, 2005
  • The Complete Short Novels
    The Complete Short Novels
    Anton Chekhov
    978-1-4000-3292-1
    $20.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Aug 30, 2005
  • The Secret Agent
    The Secret Agent
    A Simple Tale
    Joseph Conrad
    978-0-8129-7305-1
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 14, 2004
  • The Adolescent
    The Adolescent
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-375-71900-4
    $19.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Dec 07, 2004
  • Kim
    Kim
    Rudyard Kipling
    978-0-8129-7134-7
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 10, 2004
  • The Oresteia
    The Oresteia
    Agamemnon, Choephoroe, Eumenides; Introduction by Richard Seaford
    Aeschylus
    978-1-4000-4192-3
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jan 20, 2004
  • The Bostonians
    The Bostonians
    Henry James
    978-0-8129-6996-2
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 09, 2003
  • The Origin of Species and The Voyage of the 'Beagle'
    The Origin of Species and The Voyage of the 'Beagle'
    Introduction by Richard Dawkins
    Charles Darwin
    978-1-4000-4127-5
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 14, 2003
  • The Pickwick Papers
    The Pickwick Papers
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-8129-6727-2
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Aug 12, 2003
  • The Idiot
    The Idiot
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-375-70224-2
    $19.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jul 08, 2003
  • Victory
    Victory
    An Island Tale
    Joseph Conrad
    978-0-375-75908-6
    $16.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jul 08, 2003
  • The Complete Works of Michel de Montaigne
    The Complete Works of Michel de Montaigne
    Introduction by Stuart Hampshire
    Michel de Montaigne
    978-1-4000-4021-6
    $40.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 29, 2003
  • The Wings of the Dove
    The Wings of the Dove
    Henry James
    978-0-8129-6719-7
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Apr 08, 2003
  • Washington Square
    Washington Square
    Henry James
    978-0-375-76122-5
    $7.95 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 08, 2002
  • The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
    The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
    Victor Hugo
    978-0-679-64257-2
    $15.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 08, 2002
  • Our Mutual Friend
    Our Mutual Friend
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-375-76114-0
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Sep 10, 2002
  • Daniel Deronda
    Daniel Deronda
    George Eliot
    978-0-375-76013-6
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jul 09, 2002
  • Moll Flanders
    Moll Flanders
    Daniel Defoe
    978-0-375-76010-5
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jun 11, 2002
  • A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
    A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
    with The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides; Introduction by Allan Massie
    James Boswell, Samuel Johnson
    978-0-375-41418-3
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 26, 2002
  • The Memoirs of Hector Berlioz
    The Memoirs of Hector Berlioz
    Introduced by David Cairns
    Hector Berlioz
    978-0-375-41391-9
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 19, 2002
  • Little Dorrit
    Little Dorrit
    Charles Dickens, H. K. Browne
    978-0-375-75914-7
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Mar 12, 2002
  • The Portrait of a Lady
    The Portrait of a Lady
    Henry James
    978-0-375-75919-2
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 12, 2002
  • The Woman in White
    The Woman in White
    Wilkie Collins
    978-0-375-75906-2
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jan 08, 2002
  • Far from the Madding Crowd
    Far from the Madding Crowd
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-375-75797-6
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 11, 2001
  • The Travels of Marco Polo
    The Travels of Marco Polo
    Marco Polo
    978-0-375-75818-8
    $16.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 04, 2001
  • Oliver Twist
    Oliver Twist
    Charles Dickens, George Cruikshank
    978-0-375-75784-6
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 09, 2001
  • The Moonstone
    The Moonstone
    Wilkie Collins
    978-0-375-75785-3
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Sep 11, 2001
  • Jude the Obscure
    Jude the Obscure
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-375-75741-9
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Aug 14, 2001
  • Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume I
    Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume I
    Introduction by John Bayley
    Leo Tolstoy
    978-0-375-41172-4
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Aug 07, 2001
  • Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume II
    Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume II
    Introduction by John Bayley
    Leo Tolstoy
    978-0-375-41287-5
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Aug 07, 2001
  • Hard Times
    Hard Times
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-679-64217-6
    $10.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jul 10, 2001
  • Silas Marner
    Silas Marner
    The Weaver of Raveloe
    George Eliot
    978-0-375-75749-5
    $9.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    May 08, 2001
  • The Confessions
    The Confessions
    Introduction by Robin Lane Fox
    Augustine
    978-0-375-41173-1
    $25.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    May 01, 2001
  • The Analects
    The Analects
    Introduction by Sarah Allan
    Confucius
    978-0-375-41204-2
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    May 01, 2001
  • Symposium and Phaedrus
    Symposium and Phaedrus
    Introduction by Richard Rutherford
    Plato
    978-0-375-41174-8
    $21.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 06, 2001
  • Tess of the d'Urbervilles
    Tess of the d'Urbervilles
    A Pure Woman
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-375-75679-5
    $10.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 13, 2001
  • Great Expectations
    Great Expectations
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-375-75701-3
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 13, 2001
  • The Best of Tagore
    The Best of Tagore
    Rabindranath Tagore
    978-1-101-90838-9
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 17, 2023
  • Wuthering Heights
    Wuthering Heights
    Emily Bronte
    978-0-593-24403-6
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 07, 2021
  • Selected Stories of Guy de Maupassant
    Selected Stories of Guy de Maupassant
    Introduction by Catriona Seth
    Guy de Maupassant
    978-0-593-32021-1
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 05, 2021
  • The Babur Nama
    The Babur Nama
    Introduction by William Dalrymple
    Babur
    978-1-101-90823-5
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 03, 2020
  • Independent People
    Independent People
    Introduction by John Freeman
    Halldor Laxness
    978-1-101-90827-3
    $26.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 06, 2020
  • Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt
    Selected Writings of Alexander von Humboldt
    Edited and Introduced by Andrea Wulf
    Alexander von Humboldt
    978-1-101-90807-5
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 06, 2018
  • The Diary of Samuel Pepys
    The Diary of Samuel Pepys
    Selected and Introduced by Kate Loveman
    Samuel Pepys
    978-1-101-90792-4
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 02, 2018
  • The Art of War
    The Art of War
    Translated and Introduced by Peter Harris
    Sun Tzu
    978-1-101-90800-6
    $24.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 13, 2018
  • Selected Letters of Horace Walpole
    Selected Letters of Horace Walpole
    Edited and Introduced by Stephen Clarke
    Horace Walpole
    978-1-101-90789-4
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 27, 2017
  • Selected Writings of John Muir
    Selected Writings of John Muir
    Introduction by Terry Tempest Williams
    John Muir
    978-1-101-90762-7
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 04, 2017
  • The Duke's Children
    The Duke's Children
    The Only Complete Edition; Introduction by Max Egremont
    Anthony Trollope
    978-1-101-90781-8
    $27.50 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 04, 2017
  • Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 1
    Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 1
    Selections from the Autobiography, Letters, Essays, and Speeches; Introduction by Adam Hochschild
    Mark Twain
    978-1-101-90770-2
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 15, 2016
  • Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 2
    Collected Nonfiction of Mark Twain, Volume 2
    Selections from the Memoirs and Travel Writings; Introduction by Richard Russo
    Mark Twain
    978-1-101-90772-6
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 15, 2016
  • The Mayor of Casterbridge
    The Mayor of Casterbridge
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-345-80401-3
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Nov 08, 2016
  • Notes from a Dead House
    Notes from a Dead House
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-307-94987-5
    $16.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Mar 22, 2016
  • The Hound of the Baskervilles, A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four
    The Hound of the Baskervilles, A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four
    Introduction by Andrew Lycett
    Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
    978-0-375-71267-8
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Dec 02, 2014
  • Walden & Civil Disobedience
    Walden & Civil Disobedience
    Henry David Thoreau
    978-0-8041-7156-4
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Aug 26, 2014
  • The Scarlet Letter
    The Scarlet Letter
    A Romance
    Nathaniel Hawthorne
    978-0-8041-7157-1
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Aug 26, 2014
  • The Arabian Nights
    The Arabian Nights
    Introduction by Wen-chin Ouyang
    978-0-375-71241-8
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 10, 2014
  • Journey to the Center of the Earth, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Round the World in Eighty Days
    Journey to the Center of the Earth, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Round the World in Eighty Days
    Introduction by Tim Farrant
    Jules Verne
    978-0-307-96148-8
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 01, 2013
  • The Betrothed
    The Betrothed
    Introduction by Jonathan Keates
    Alessandro Manzoni
    978-0-375-71234-0
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Sep 17, 2013
  • The Metamorphoses
    The Metamorphoses
    Introduction by J. C. McKeown
    Ovid
    978-0-375-71231-9
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Sep 10, 2013
  • The Age of Innocence
    The Age of Innocence
    Edith Wharton
    978-0-307-94951-6
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jun 05, 2012
  • The Custom of the Country
    The Custom of the Country
    Edith Wharton
    978-0-307-94954-7
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jun 05, 2012
  • The Complete Short Stories of Mark Twain
    The Complete Short Stories of Mark Twain
    Introduction by Adam Gopnik
    Mark Twain
    978-0-307-95937-9
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 05, 2012
  • Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
    Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
    Introduction by Lucy Hughes-Hallett
    Anne Bronte
    978-0-307-95780-1
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 03, 2012
  • Decameron
    Decameron
    Giovanni Boccaccio
    978-0-307-47217-5
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Feb 14, 2012
  • The Ambassadors
    The Ambassadors
    Henry James
    978-0-8129-8270-1
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jan 10, 2012
  • The Physiology of Taste
    The Physiology of Taste
    Or Meditations on Transcendental Gastronomy
    Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
    978-0-307-39037-0
    $18.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Oct 04, 2011
  • The Everyman Chesterton
    The Everyman Chesterton
    Edited and Introduced by Ian Ker
    G. K. Chesterton
    978-0-307-59497-6
    $32.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 05, 2011
  • The Three Musketeers
    The Three Musketeers
    Introduction by Allan Massie
    Alexandre Dumas
    978-0-307-59499-0
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Feb 15, 2011
  • Shirley and The Professor
    Shirley and The Professor
    Introduction by Rebecca Fraser
    Charlotte Bronte
    978-0-307-77362-3
    $8.99 US
    Ebook
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 24, 2010
  • The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds
    The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds
    Introduction by Margaret Drabble
    H. G. Wells
    978-0-307-59384-9
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Aug 03, 2010
  • Dracula
    Dracula
    Introduction by Joan Acocella
    Bram Stoker
    978-0-307-59385-6
    $25.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    May 04, 2010
  • The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
    The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
    Introduction by James Fenton
    Benvenuto Cellini
    978-0-307-59274-3
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 06, 2010
  • A Christmas Carol and Other Christmas Books
    A Christmas Carol and Other Christmas Books
    Introduction by Margaret Atwood
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-307-27175-4
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 10, 2009
  • Annals and Histories
    Annals and Histories
    Introduction by Robin Lane Fox
    Tacitus
    978-0-307-26750-4
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 06, 2009
  • The Mystery of Edwin Drood
    The Mystery of Edwin Drood
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-8129-8045-5
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 06, 2009
  • The Count of Monte Cristo
    The Count of Monte Cristo
    Introduction by Umberto Eco
    Alexandre Dumas
    978-0-307-27112-9
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jun 02, 2009
  • Jane Eyre
    Jane Eyre
    Charlotte Bronte
    978-0-307-45519-2
    $9.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Apr 07, 2009
  • Villette
    Villette
    Charlotte Bronte
    978-0-307-45556-7
    $17.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Apr 07, 2009
  • The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol
    The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol
    Introduction by Richard Pevear
    Nikolai Gogol
    978-0-307-26969-0
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 07, 2008
  • Ethan Frome, Summer, Bunner Sisters
    Ethan Frome, Summer, Bunner Sisters
    Introduction by Hermione Lee
    Edith Wharton
    978-0-307-26825-9
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Feb 05, 2008
  • The Prince
    The Prince
    Niccolo Machiavelli
    978-0-8129-7805-6
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 05, 2008
  • Northanger Abbey
    Northanger Abbey
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38683-0
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Emma
    Emma
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38684-7
    $9.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Persuasion
    Persuasion
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38685-4
    $7.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Sense and Sensibility
    Sense and Sensibility
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38687-8
    $6.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • Mansfield Park
    Mansfield Park
    Jane Austen
    978-0-307-38688-5
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Sep 04, 2007
  • History of My Life
    History of My Life
    Introduction by John Julius Norwich
    Giacomo Casanova
    978-0-307-26557-9
    $40.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Feb 06, 2007
  • The Double and The Gambler
    The Double and The Gambler
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-375-71901-1
    $16.95 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jan 16, 2007
  • The Audubon Reader
    The Audubon Reader
    Edited and Introduced by Richard Rhodes
    John James Audubon
    978-1-4000-4369-9
    $28.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 11, 2006
  • The Cossacks
    The Cossacks
    Leo Tolstoy
    978-0-8129-7504-8
    $15.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 14, 2006
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    Barnaby Rudge
    Introduction by Peter Ackroyd
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-307-26290-5
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Nov 08, 2005
  • The Complete Short Novels
    The Complete Short Novels
    Anton Chekhov
    978-1-4000-3292-1
    $20.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Aug 30, 2005
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    The Secret Agent
    A Simple Tale
    Joseph Conrad
    978-0-8129-7305-1
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 14, 2004
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    The Adolescent
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-375-71900-4
    $19.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Dec 07, 2004
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    Kim
    Rudyard Kipling
    978-0-8129-7134-7
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 10, 2004
  • The Oresteia
    The Oresteia
    Agamemnon, Choephoroe, Eumenides; Introduction by Richard Seaford
    Aeschylus
    978-1-4000-4192-3
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Jan 20, 2004
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    The Bostonians
    Henry James
    978-0-8129-6996-2
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 09, 2003
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    The Origin of Species and The Voyage of the 'Beagle'
    Introduction by Richard Dawkins
    Charles Darwin
    978-1-4000-4127-5
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Oct 14, 2003
  • The Pickwick Papers
    The Pickwick Papers
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-8129-6727-2
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Aug 12, 2003
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    The Idiot
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    978-0-375-70224-2
    $19.00 US
    Paperback
    Vintage
    Jul 08, 2003
  • Victory
    Victory
    An Island Tale
    Joseph Conrad
    978-0-375-75908-6
    $16.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jul 08, 2003
  • The Complete Works of Michel de Montaigne
    The Complete Works of Michel de Montaigne
    Introduction by Stuart Hampshire
    Michel de Montaigne
    978-1-4000-4021-6
    $40.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Apr 29, 2003
  • The Wings of the Dove
    The Wings of the Dove
    Henry James
    978-0-8129-6719-7
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Apr 08, 2003
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    Washington Square
    Henry James
    978-0-375-76122-5
    $7.95 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 08, 2002
  • The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
    The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
    Victor Hugo
    978-0-679-64257-2
    $15.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 08, 2002
  • Our Mutual Friend
    Our Mutual Friend
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-375-76114-0
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Sep 10, 2002
  • Daniel Deronda
    Daniel Deronda
    George Eliot
    978-0-375-76013-6
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jul 09, 2002
  • Moll Flanders
    Moll Flanders
    Daniel Defoe
    978-0-375-76010-5
    $14.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jun 11, 2002
  • A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
    A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
    with The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides; Introduction by Allan Massie
    James Boswell, Samuel Johnson
    978-0-375-41418-3
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 26, 2002
  • The Memoirs of Hector Berlioz
    The Memoirs of Hector Berlioz
    Introduced by David Cairns
    Hector Berlioz
    978-0-375-41391-9
    $35.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 19, 2002
  • Little Dorrit
    Little Dorrit
    Charles Dickens, H. K. Browne
    978-0-375-75914-7
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Mar 12, 2002
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    The Portrait of a Lady
    Henry James
    978-0-375-75919-2
    $13.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 12, 2002
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    The Woman in White
    Wilkie Collins
    978-0-375-75906-2
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jan 08, 2002
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    Far from the Madding Crowd
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-375-75797-6
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 11, 2001
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    The Travels of Marco Polo
    Marco Polo
    978-0-375-75818-8
    $16.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Dec 04, 2001
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    Oliver Twist
    Charles Dickens, George Cruikshank
    978-0-375-75784-6
    $8.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Oct 09, 2001
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    The Moonstone
    Wilkie Collins
    978-0-375-75785-3
    $11.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Sep 11, 2001
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    Jude the Obscure
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-375-75741-9
    $12.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Aug 14, 2001
  • Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume I
    Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume I
    Introduction by John Bayley
    Leo Tolstoy
    978-0-375-41172-4
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Aug 07, 2001
  • Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume II
    Collected Shorter Fiction of Leo Tolstoy, Volume II
    Introduction by John Bayley
    Leo Tolstoy
    978-0-375-41287-5
    $30.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Aug 07, 2001
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    Hard Times
    Charles Dickens
    978-0-679-64217-6
    $10.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Jul 10, 2001
  • Silas Marner
    Silas Marner
    The Weaver of Raveloe
    George Eliot
    978-0-375-75749-5
    $9.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    May 08, 2001
  • The Confessions
    The Confessions
    Introduction by Robin Lane Fox
    Augustine
    978-0-375-41173-1
    $25.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    May 01, 2001
  • The Analects
    The Analects
    Introduction by Sarah Allan
    Confucius
    978-0-375-41204-2
    $22.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    May 01, 2001
  • Symposium and Phaedrus
    Symposium and Phaedrus
    Introduction by Richard Rutherford
    Plato
    978-0-375-41174-8
    $21.00 US
    Hardcover
    Everyman's Library
    Mar 06, 2001
  • Tess of the d'Urbervilles
    Tess of the d'Urbervilles
    A Pure Woman
    Thomas Hardy
    978-0-375-75679-5
    $10.00 US
    Paperback
    Modern Library
    Feb 13, 2001
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    Charles Dickens
    978-0-375-75701-3
    $11.00 US
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    Modern Library
    Feb 13, 2001

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