How kindness—and other prosocial behaviors toward others—can help us live longer and healthier lives.

The science is in: being good is actually good for you. In this bracingly original book, The Biology of Kindness—the first in a trilogy on the topic of daily wellness—the science of mindfulness and the findings of biology come together to show how kindness and optimism improve overall well-being in profound, organic, and demonstrable ways. Daniel Lumera, an expert in meditation and mindfulness, and Immaculata De Vivo, a preeminent researcher in molecular epidemiology, outline a revolutionary approach to health, longevity, and quality of life—and explain the scientific evidence that supports their work.

Identifying five fundamental values—kindness, optimism, forgiveness, gratitude, and happiness—and describing six essential strategies for cultivating these values—relationships, nutrition, physical activity, meditation, music, and connection with nature—De Vivo and Lumera chart a practical course for pursuing a long, healthy, and happy life. Along the way they provide the scientific data that reveal the impact such behavior has on biology, particularly on telomeres, the parts of DNA that serve as biomarkers of aging. While DNA is mostly immutable, telomeres are influenced by our choices, and The Biology of Kindness offers incontrovertible evidence that what is commonly ascribed to “spiritual” well-being has a clear and direct impact on physical health, helping to buffer premature aging and decrease the incidence of chronic disease.

At a time when life seems to be ruled by a desire to get “everything and immediately,” Lumera observes, there is a compelling case to be made for the discipline of devotion, dedication, and passion—for the good of the body as well as the soul.
CONTENTS

TO THE READER xi
PREFACE xiii

I ATTRIBUTES 1
1 KINDNESS 3
2 TELOMERES 13
3 OPTIMISM 33
4 FORGIVENESS AND GRATITUDE 43
5 THE SCIENCE OF FORGIVENESS AND GRATITUDE 59
6 HAPPINESS 67
7 THE SCIENCE OF HAPPINESS 85

II INSTRUMENTS 91
8 THE QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIPS 93
9 THE SCIENCE OF RELATIONSHIPS 105
10 NUTRITION: HEALTH COMES WITH EATING 115
11 ON THE WAY TO WELL-BEING 127
12 THE POWER OF THE MIND 135
13 MEDITATE, PEOPLE, MEDITATE 155
14 THE SCIENCE OF MEDITATION 169

15 MUSIC AND SOUND: HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND LONGEVITY 177
16 THE SCIENCE OF MUSIC 189
17 NATURE HEALS 197
18 NATURE AND WELL-BEING 215

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 219
BIBLIOGRAPHY 221
DOING ONESELF GOOD BY DOING GOOD TO OTHERS

Everything we do in a selfless way, without profit and only aiming at making somebody else feel good, is kindness. It can have various shades, to which we give different names. Sometimes it is altruism, sometimes compassion, and often it is empathy, gratitude, and generosity. All different forms of the same feeling of love toward others, which pushes us to perform actions for the sole pleasure of doing it, without asking for anything in return. We all do it, even when we feel we are too busy with our own needs to pay attention to those of others. We do it in small doses, in negligible events of our day, yet more frequently than it seems to ourselves. And every time there is someone who smiles for our generosity, someone to whom we have done good or transmitted a positive emotion without expecting any counterpart.
It is a profound trait of human beings, useful for evolution because it favors the creation of social bonds and encourages collaboration, making individuals more willing to give up a piece of their selfishness to build something together with others. From small gestures to large solidarity initiatives, kindness is the best way we have to connect with others, communicate, solve problems, and achieve goals. And it is a broad concept, as we said, that includes many nuances but starts from the same spontaneous desire of wanting the good for others, both for the people we know and strangers, out of an instinctive impulse that comes from our deepest humanity.
The whole set of values and tools that we present in this book as strategies to protect health and promote longevity can be contained within the concept of kindness, or rather that of the biology of kindness. Because it is a wealth of practical resources that calls into question our deep feelings, as elusive as emotions are, but that can at the same time satisfy my need, as a scientist, for tangible evidence, solid and clinically relevant data, and credible numbers and percentages. Kindness, with all of its forms, proves itself scientifically valid as a preventive tool, support to therapies, and way to physical and mental health.
Immaculata De Vivo is Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. Her research focuses on how genetic variants interact with the environment to influence susceptibility to hormonal cancers, especially endometrial cancer.

Daniel Lumera is a naturalist biologist, an expert in the sciences of well-being and quality of life and a former monk for 11 years who studied with Anthony Elenjimittam, a direct disciple of Gandhi.

About

How kindness—and other prosocial behaviors toward others—can help us live longer and healthier lives.

The science is in: being good is actually good for you. In this bracingly original book, The Biology of Kindness—the first in a trilogy on the topic of daily wellness—the science of mindfulness and the findings of biology come together to show how kindness and optimism improve overall well-being in profound, organic, and demonstrable ways. Daniel Lumera, an expert in meditation and mindfulness, and Immaculata De Vivo, a preeminent researcher in molecular epidemiology, outline a revolutionary approach to health, longevity, and quality of life—and explain the scientific evidence that supports their work.

Identifying five fundamental values—kindness, optimism, forgiveness, gratitude, and happiness—and describing six essential strategies for cultivating these values—relationships, nutrition, physical activity, meditation, music, and connection with nature—De Vivo and Lumera chart a practical course for pursuing a long, healthy, and happy life. Along the way they provide the scientific data that reveal the impact such behavior has on biology, particularly on telomeres, the parts of DNA that serve as biomarkers of aging. While DNA is mostly immutable, telomeres are influenced by our choices, and The Biology of Kindness offers incontrovertible evidence that what is commonly ascribed to “spiritual” well-being has a clear and direct impact on physical health, helping to buffer premature aging and decrease the incidence of chronic disease.

At a time when life seems to be ruled by a desire to get “everything and immediately,” Lumera observes, there is a compelling case to be made for the discipline of devotion, dedication, and passion—for the good of the body as well as the soul.

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

TO THE READER xi
PREFACE xiii

I ATTRIBUTES 1
1 KINDNESS 3
2 TELOMERES 13
3 OPTIMISM 33
4 FORGIVENESS AND GRATITUDE 43
5 THE SCIENCE OF FORGIVENESS AND GRATITUDE 59
6 HAPPINESS 67
7 THE SCIENCE OF HAPPINESS 85

II INSTRUMENTS 91
8 THE QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIPS 93
9 THE SCIENCE OF RELATIONSHIPS 105
10 NUTRITION: HEALTH COMES WITH EATING 115
11 ON THE WAY TO WELL-BEING 127
12 THE POWER OF THE MIND 135
13 MEDITATE, PEOPLE, MEDITATE 155
14 THE SCIENCE OF MEDITATION 169

15 MUSIC AND SOUND: HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND LONGEVITY 177
16 THE SCIENCE OF MUSIC 189
17 NATURE HEALS 197
18 NATURE AND WELL-BEING 215

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 219
BIBLIOGRAPHY 221

Excerpt

DOING ONESELF GOOD BY DOING GOOD TO OTHERS

Everything we do in a selfless way, without profit and only aiming at making somebody else feel good, is kindness. It can have various shades, to which we give different names. Sometimes it is altruism, sometimes compassion, and often it is empathy, gratitude, and generosity. All different forms of the same feeling of love toward others, which pushes us to perform actions for the sole pleasure of doing it, without asking for anything in return. We all do it, even when we feel we are too busy with our own needs to pay attention to those of others. We do it in small doses, in negligible events of our day, yet more frequently than it seems to ourselves. And every time there is someone who smiles for our generosity, someone to whom we have done good or transmitted a positive emotion without expecting any counterpart.
It is a profound trait of human beings, useful for evolution because it favors the creation of social bonds and encourages collaboration, making individuals more willing to give up a piece of their selfishness to build something together with others. From small gestures to large solidarity initiatives, kindness is the best way we have to connect with others, communicate, solve problems, and achieve goals. And it is a broad concept, as we said, that includes many nuances but starts from the same spontaneous desire of wanting the good for others, both for the people we know and strangers, out of an instinctive impulse that comes from our deepest humanity.
The whole set of values and tools that we present in this book as strategies to protect health and promote longevity can be contained within the concept of kindness, or rather that of the biology of kindness. Because it is a wealth of practical resources that calls into question our deep feelings, as elusive as emotions are, but that can at the same time satisfy my need, as a scientist, for tangible evidence, solid and clinically relevant data, and credible numbers and percentages. Kindness, with all of its forms, proves itself scientifically valid as a preventive tool, support to therapies, and way to physical and mental health.

Author

Immaculata De Vivo is Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. Her research focuses on how genetic variants interact with the environment to influence susceptibility to hormonal cancers, especially endometrial cancer.

Daniel Lumera is a naturalist biologist, an expert in the sciences of well-being and quality of life and a former monk for 11 years who studied with Anthony Elenjimittam, a direct disciple of Gandhi.

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