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Download high-resolution image Look inside

Reclaiming Two-Spirits

Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America

Part of Queer Ideas/Queer Action

Author Gregory D. Smithers
Foreword by Raven E. Heavy Runner
Look inside
Hardcover
$29.95 US
Beacon Press
On sale Apr 26, 2022 | 368 Pages | 978-0-8070-0346-6
Add to cart Add to list Exam Copies
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  • History > Race and Gender Studies > History of Native Americans
  • History > Topical History > History of Gender and Sexuality
  • History > U.S. History > Native American
  • Interdisciplinary Studies > Family Studies and Human Development > Human Sexuality
  • Interdisciplinary Studies > Race and Ethnic Studies > Native American History
  • Interdisciplinary Studies > Race and Ethnic Studies > Native American Studies
  • Interdisciplinary Studies > Women's and Gender Studies > Introduction to Gender Studies
  • Interdisciplinary Studies > Women's and Gender Studies > Race, Class, and Gender
  • Sociology > Race / Class / Gender > Human Sexuality
  • About
  • Table of Contents
  • Author
A sweeping history of Indigenous traditions of gender, sexuality, and resistance that reveals how, despite centuries of colonialism, Two-Spirit people are reclaiming their place in Native nations.

Reclaiming Two-Spirits decolonizes the history of gender and sexuality in Native North America. It honors the generations of Indigenous people who had the foresight to take essential aspects of their cultural life and spiritual beliefs underground in order to save them.

Before 1492, hundreds of Indigenous communities across North America included people who identified as neither male nor female, but both. They went by aakíí’skassi, miati, okitcitakwe or one of hundreds of other tribally specific identities. After European colonizers invaded Indian Country, centuries of violence and systematic persecution followed, imperiling the existence of people who today call themselves Two-Spirits, an umbrella term denoting feminine and masculine qualities in one person.

Drawing on written sources, archaeological evidence, art, and oral storytelling, Reclaiming Two-Spirits spans the centuries from Spanish invasion to the present, tracing massacres and inquisitions and revealing how the authors of colonialism’s written archives used language to both denigrate and erase Two-Spirit people from history. But as Gregory Smithers shows, the colonizers failed—and Indigenous resistance is core to this story. Reclaiming Two-Spirits amplifies their voices, reconnecting their history to Native nations in the 21st century.
Foreword, by Raven E. Heavy Runner
Series Note, by Michael Bronski
A Note About Language
About the Cover Art
Prologue


PART 1: JUDGMENTS

CHAPTER 1
Invasion

CHAPTER 2
“Hermaphrodites”

CHAPTER 3
Sin

CHAPTER 4
Effeminacy

CHAPTER 5
Strange

PART 2: STORIES

CHAPTER 6
Resilience

CHAPTER 7
Place

CHAPTER 8
Paths

PART 3: RECLAIMING

CHAPTER 9
Reawakening

CHAPTER 10
Two-Spirits

CHAPTER 11
Love

CHAPTER 12
Futures

Acknowledgments
Notes
Image Credits
Index
Gregory D. Smithers is professor of American history and Eminent Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University and a British Academy Global Professor at the University of Hull in England. His research focuses on Cherokee and Southeastern Indigenous history, as well as gender, sexuality, racial and environmental history. His books include Native Southerners: Indigenous History from Origins to Removal and The Cherokee Diaspora: An Indigenous History of Migration, Resettlement, and Identity. Follow him at gregorysmithers.com and on Twitter (@GD_Smithers).
Gregory D. Smithers View titles by Gregory D. Smithers

About

A sweeping history of Indigenous traditions of gender, sexuality, and resistance that reveals how, despite centuries of colonialism, Two-Spirit people are reclaiming their place in Native nations.

Reclaiming Two-Spirits decolonizes the history of gender and sexuality in Native North America. It honors the generations of Indigenous people who had the foresight to take essential aspects of their cultural life and spiritual beliefs underground in order to save them.

Before 1492, hundreds of Indigenous communities across North America included people who identified as neither male nor female, but both. They went by aakíí’skassi, miati, okitcitakwe or one of hundreds of other tribally specific identities. After European colonizers invaded Indian Country, centuries of violence and systematic persecution followed, imperiling the existence of people who today call themselves Two-Spirits, an umbrella term denoting feminine and masculine qualities in one person.

Drawing on written sources, archaeological evidence, art, and oral storytelling, Reclaiming Two-Spirits spans the centuries from Spanish invasion to the present, tracing massacres and inquisitions and revealing how the authors of colonialism’s written archives used language to both denigrate and erase Two-Spirit people from history. But as Gregory Smithers shows, the colonizers failed—and Indigenous resistance is core to this story. Reclaiming Two-Spirits amplifies their voices, reconnecting their history to Native nations in the 21st century.

Table of Contents

Foreword, by Raven E. Heavy Runner
Series Note, by Michael Bronski
A Note About Language
About the Cover Art
Prologue


PART 1: JUDGMENTS

CHAPTER 1
Invasion

CHAPTER 2
“Hermaphrodites”

CHAPTER 3
Sin

CHAPTER 4
Effeminacy

CHAPTER 5
Strange

PART 2: STORIES

CHAPTER 6
Resilience

CHAPTER 7
Place

CHAPTER 8
Paths

PART 3: RECLAIMING

CHAPTER 9
Reawakening

CHAPTER 10
Two-Spirits

CHAPTER 11
Love

CHAPTER 12
Futures

Acknowledgments
Notes
Image Credits
Index

Author

Gregory D. Smithers is professor of American history and Eminent Scholar at Virginia Commonwealth University and a British Academy Global Professor at the University of Hull in England. His research focuses on Cherokee and Southeastern Indigenous history, as well as gender, sexuality, racial and environmental history. His books include Native Southerners: Indigenous History from Origins to Removal and The Cherokee Diaspora: An Indigenous History of Migration, Resettlement, and Identity. Follow him at gregorysmithers.com and on Twitter (@GD_Smithers).
Gregory D. Smithers View titles by Gregory D. Smithers

Additional formats

  • Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America
    Gregory D. Smithers
    978-0-8070-0347-3
    $17.99 US
    Ebook
    Beacon Press
    Apr 26, 2022
  • Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America
    Gregory D. Smithers
    978-0-8070-0502-6
    $28.00 US
    Audiobook Download
    Beacon Press
    Apr 26, 2022
  • Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America
    Gregory D. Smithers
    978-0-8070-0505-7
    $45.00 US
    Audiobook Download
    Beacon Press
    Apr 26, 2022
  • Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America
    Gregory D. Smithers
    978-0-8070-0347-3
    $17.99 US
    Ebook
    Beacon Press
    Apr 26, 2022
  • Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America
    Gregory D. Smithers
    978-0-8070-0502-6
    $28.00 US
    Audiobook Download
    Beacon Press
    Apr 26, 2022
  • Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Reclaiming Two-Spirits
    Sexuality, Spiritual Renewal & Sovereignty in Native America
    Gregory D. Smithers
    978-0-8070-0505-7
    $45.00 US
    Audiobook Download
    Beacon Press
    Apr 26, 2022

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