The Next 500 Years

Engineering Life to Reach New Worlds

Introducing a 10-phase, 500-year vision for the future of space exploration, genetic engineering, and the human species—on Earth and on other planets.

As the only species aware that life on Earth has an expiration date, we have a moral duty to land on, to live on, and to extend life to other planets.

Inevitably, life on Earth will come to an end, whether by climate disaster, or by cataclysmic war—or when the sun runs out of fuel in a few billion years. To avoid extinction, will we have to find a new home planet, perhaps even a new solar system, to inhabit?
 
In this provocative and fascinating book, Christopher Mason argues that we have a moral duty to do just that. Because we are the only species aware that life on Earth has an expiration date, we have a responsibility to act as the shepherd of lifeforms—not only for our species but for all species on which we depend and for those still to come (by accidental or designed evolution). Mason argues that the same capacity for ingenuity that has enabled us to build rockets and land on other planets can be applied to redesigning biology so that we can sustainably inhabit those planets. And he lays out a 500-year plan for undertaking the massively ambitious project of reengineering human genetics for life in other worlds.
INTRODUCTION: THE EMBRYOGENESIS OF HUMANITY xi
1 THE FIRST GENETIC ASTRONAUTS 1
2 THE DUTY TO ENGINEER 15
3 PHASE 1: THE LANDSCAPE OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
(2010–2020) 27
4 PHASE 2: PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING OF GENOMES
(2021–2040) 47
5 PHASE 3: LONG-TERM TRIALS OF HUMAN AND CELLULAR
ENGINEERING (2041–2100) 97
6 PHASE 4: PREPARING HUMANS FOR SPACE (2101–2150) 115
7 PHASE 5: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY FOR NEW HOMES
(2151–2200) 133
8 PHASE 6: EXPANDING THE LIMITS OF LIFE (2201–2250) 155
9 PHASE 7: TEST A GENERATION SHIP AND SETTLE HARSH
WORLDS (2251–2350) 169
10 PHASE 8: SETTLE NEW EARTHS (2351–2400) 191
11 PHASE 9: LAUNCH TOWARD THE SECOND SUN (2401–2500) 213
12 PHASE 10: OPTIMISTIC UNKNOWNS (BEYOND 2500) 247
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 255
REFERENCES 259
INDEX 267
Christopher E. Mason is a geneticist and computational biologist who has been a Principal Investigator and Co-investigator of seven NASA missions and projects. He is Associate Professor at Weill Cornell Medicine, with affiliate appointments at the Meyer Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Consortium for Space Genetics at Harvard Medical School.

About

Introducing a 10-phase, 500-year vision for the future of space exploration, genetic engineering, and the human species—on Earth and on other planets.

As the only species aware that life on Earth has an expiration date, we have a moral duty to land on, to live on, and to extend life to other planets.

Inevitably, life on Earth will come to an end, whether by climate disaster, or by cataclysmic war—or when the sun runs out of fuel in a few billion years. To avoid extinction, will we have to find a new home planet, perhaps even a new solar system, to inhabit?
 
In this provocative and fascinating book, Christopher Mason argues that we have a moral duty to do just that. Because we are the only species aware that life on Earth has an expiration date, we have a responsibility to act as the shepherd of lifeforms—not only for our species but for all species on which we depend and for those still to come (by accidental or designed evolution). Mason argues that the same capacity for ingenuity that has enabled us to build rockets and land on other planets can be applied to redesigning biology so that we can sustainably inhabit those planets. And he lays out a 500-year plan for undertaking the massively ambitious project of reengineering human genetics for life in other worlds.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION: THE EMBRYOGENESIS OF HUMANITY xi
1 THE FIRST GENETIC ASTRONAUTS 1
2 THE DUTY TO ENGINEER 15
3 PHASE 1: THE LANDSCAPE OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
(2010–2020) 27
4 PHASE 2: PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING OF GENOMES
(2021–2040) 47
5 PHASE 3: LONG-TERM TRIALS OF HUMAN AND CELLULAR
ENGINEERING (2041–2100) 97
6 PHASE 4: PREPARING HUMANS FOR SPACE (2101–2150) 115
7 PHASE 5: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY FOR NEW HOMES
(2151–2200) 133
8 PHASE 6: EXPANDING THE LIMITS OF LIFE (2201–2250) 155
9 PHASE 7: TEST A GENERATION SHIP AND SETTLE HARSH
WORLDS (2251–2350) 169
10 PHASE 8: SETTLE NEW EARTHS (2351–2400) 191
11 PHASE 9: LAUNCH TOWARD THE SECOND SUN (2401–2500) 213
12 PHASE 10: OPTIMISTIC UNKNOWNS (BEYOND 2500) 247
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 255
REFERENCES 259
INDEX 267

Author

Christopher E. Mason is a geneticist and computational biologist who has been a Principal Investigator and Co-investigator of seven NASA missions and projects. He is Associate Professor at Weill Cornell Medicine, with affiliate appointments at the Meyer Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Consortium for Space Genetics at Harvard Medical School.

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